吴奇隆吧 关注：709,736贴子：10,366,853
不感兴趣
开通SVIP免广告
不感兴趣
开通SVIP免广告
The assumption that what is called a sword wielded by an "external enforcer" is necessary before individuals can make credible ex ante commitments in social dilemma situations has important implications for common pool resources. Common pool resources (CPRs) are natural or man-made resources whose yield is subtractable and the exclusion from which is nontrivial (but not necessarily impossible).3 Because CPRs can be represented as social dilemmas, particular policy recommendations follow almost immediately. Ophuls argued, for example, that "environmental problems cannot be solved through cooperation ... and the rationale for government with major coercive powers is overwhelming" (1973, 228). His conclusion was that "even if we avoid the tragedy of the commons, it will only be by recourse to the tragic necessity of Leviathan" (p. 220).感恩节做翻译作业的孩子伤不起啊，谁能帮忙翻译下，
不感兴趣
开通SVIP免广告
