210919【水帖】《钢笔圣经》万宝龙部分翻译（带个人注解）_钢笔吧

注：GmbH（Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung）
The history of this company at one time looked likely to last from 19o6 to I909 making it one of the shortest-lived of all pen companies. It suffered seriously from lack of capital which perhaps accounts in part for the actions of one of the founders, August Eberstein, in selling off company equipment to pay private debts.
Montblanc- Simplo GmbH（蒙特布兰-辛普洛有限公司），也就是万宝龙（Montblanc）的前身，这家公司的历史一度看起来可能从1906年持续到I909，使其成为所有制笔公司中寿命最短的公司之一。它因缺乏资金而受到严重影响，这也许是创始人之一奥古斯特-埃伯斯坦出售公司设备以偿还私人债务的部分原因。
Eberstein was an engineer who, after spending time in England and America, had become interested in, and gained experience of, fountain pen manufacture. On his return to Berlin he joined with the banker Alfred Nehemias and sought to set up a pen workshop. The capital to finance the venture was provided by a consortium of Ham- burg stationers and work began in Igo6 R udimentary eve-droppers were produced in black hard rubber with slip-on caps and gold nibs imported from America
艾伯斯坦是一名工程师，在英国和美国呆了一段时间后，对钢笔制造产生了兴趣，并获得了经验。回到柏林后，他与银行家阿尔弗雷德-尼赫米亚斯（Alfred Nehemias）一起寻求建立一个钢笔车间。哈姆堡的一个文具商财团为该企业提供了资金，并在1966年开始工作。最初的滴入式上墨器是用黑色硬橡胶生产的，带滑盖，金笔尖从美国进口。【这里的eye-dropper原意指：滴眼管，没有中文名，但我个人翻译为滴入式上墨，类似于Namiki 50号（emperor）那样的上墨方式，即从笔握处把笔身旋开，剩下后半段笔身部分都用来储存墨水，是一种很古老的上墨方式】，可见下图

The first blow came in 1908 when the consortium of stationers withdrew. It is possible that in a market crowded with similar designs the pens did not sell well enough to satisfy the commercial instincts of the Hamburg businessmen. The shock however acted as a spur to Eberstein and Nehemias. During the same year new backing was sought while a new pen was planned. Nehemias located two new backers: Claus Johannes Voss agreed to invest 50000 RM while Max Koch signed on for 100, 000 RM though only half would be available immediately. Koch wanted to wait six months to see what developed before investing the remaining half. Rothschild, Behrens Company of Hamburg, an office-supply company, was also willing to support the venture but only as silent partners to avoid upsetting other manufacturers for whom they acted as retail agents
第一次打击是在1908年，当时文具商联合体退出了。可能是在一个挤满了类似设计的市场中，这些笔的销售情况不足以满足汉堡商人的商业本能。然而，这种冲击对Eberstein和Nehemias来说是一种鞭策。同年，在计划生产新笔的同时，也在寻找新的支持。尼赫迈亚斯找到了两个新的支持者。克劳斯-约翰内斯-沃斯（Claus Johannes Voss）同意投资5万马币，而马克斯-科赫（Max Koch）签署了10万***协议，但只有一半可以立即获得。科赫想等6个月，看看发展情况，然后再投资剩下的一半。Rothschild, Behrens，汉堡公司，一家办公用品公司，也愿意支持该企业，但只是作为沉默的合作伙伴，以避免扰乱他们作为零售代理的其他制造商。

The Simplo Filler Pen Company, founded in 1908, rented office space in the Industriepalast in Hamburg and within a year was able to launch a range of pens. The Rouge et Noir, which derived its name from its black hard rubber cap and barrel topped by a red disc, was a Safety in four sizes (Nos 2, 4, 6, 7), each available in a long or short version. There was no difference in price between the short and long models; the No. 7 at 25 RM was an expensive pen and even the No. 2 at 12 RM was hardly cheap. The use of French may have been due to a dislike of the native language (as reflected, for instance, in the highest German decoration of the time being Pour le Merite); it could equally have been a marketing ploy aimed at both foreign markets and the more sophisticated internal market, presumably the only ones which could afford the better models
Simplo填充笔公司成立于1908年，在汉堡的Industriepalast租用了办公场所，并在一年内就推出了一系列的钢笔。红与黑 "的名字来自于它的黑色硬橡胶笔帽和笔管，上面有一个红色的圆盘，有四种尺寸（2号、4号、6号、7号），每一种都有长版或短版。短款和长款之间的价格没有差别；7号笔的价格为25马币，是一支昂贵的笔，即使是2号笔的价格为12马币，也不便宜。使用法语可能是由于不喜欢母语（例如，当时德国的最高勋章是Pour le Merite，就反映了这一点）；这也可能是针对国外市场和更复杂的国内市场的一种营销策略，估计只有这些市场才能买得起更好的型号。

The Simplo Pen, a basic eye-dropper, and the Diplomat, another Safety again available in a variety of sizes, followed. By 1909 a start had at least been made. Then came a triple blow: Max Koch's second instalment of capital was unforthcoming; Alfred Nehemias, a very capable manager, died suddenly of a heart attack; and Eberstein was caught realizing the company assets for his own benefit.
随后，Simplo笔（一种基本的滴管）和外交官（另一种安全产品，有各种尺寸）也相继问世。到1909年，至少已经有了一个开端。然后是三重打击。马克斯-科赫的第二笔资金没有到位；阿尔弗雷德-尼赫米亚斯，一位非常能干的经理，突然死于心脏病；埃伯斯坦被抓到为自己的利益变卖公司资产。

In common with most other German pen manufacturers, heavy emphasis was placed on the export market. Offices had been opened in Paris, London and Barcelona by Iglo. At the end of that year, to boost sales further, the red top of the pens was supplemented with one in white. As the company itself is unsure how the name Montblanc came about, it is pointless to speculate. Suffice it to say that, by 191 1, all Simplo products with the white top had the name Montblanc while the pens with the red top kept the name Rouge et Noir. The change from the plain white top to the ell-known star came a few years later and is again surrounded by myth. The most likely explanation offered is that the White Star could be registered as a trademark to deter copying whereas a white top could not.
与其他大多数德国钢笔制造商一样，伊格罗也非常重视出口市场。Iglo在巴黎、伦敦和巴塞罗那开设了办事处。当年年底，为了进一步促进销售，笔的红色顶部被补充为白色。由于公司本身并不确定万宝龙这个名字是怎么来的，所以猜测是没有意义的。我只想说，到1911年，所有白色笔顶的辛普劳产品都有了万宝龙的名字，而红色笔顶的笔则保留了红色和黑色的名字。几年后，从普通的白色顶部到众所周知的星星的变化，又被神话所包围。最有可能的解释是，白星可以被注册为商标，以阻止抄袭，而白顶（小白花）则不能。

Export markets dried up from 1914 just two years after the company had outgrown its original premises. The First World War forced other changes on the company: the trade name Rouge et Noir was dropped in Germany in I92I and in Italy in 1923. The company name changed from Simplo Filler Pen Co to Simplo Fiillfeder Gmbh and in I9T6 to Simplo Fiuillfeder Gesellschaft VOSS, Lausen & Dziambor. One stroke of good fortune however was that the company located a source of coloured hard rubber at the factory of the Hamburg-new York Rubber Company and this fortuitous discovery led to the introduction of coloured pens.
从1914年起，在公司搬出原来的办公场所仅仅两年后，出口市场就枯竭了。第一次世界大战迫使公司发生了其他变化：1921年在德国和1923年在意大利都取消了Rouge et Noir这个商品名称。公司名称从Simplo Filler Pen Co改为Simplo Fiillfeder Gmbh，在I9T6改为Simplo Fiuillfeder Gesellschaft VOSS, Lausen & Dziambor。然而，幸运的是，该公司在汉堡-纽约橡胶公司的工厂里找到了彩色硬橡胶的来源，这一偶然的发现导致了彩色笔的问世。

A macabre war model, the Padrone, was shaped like a bullet (six months earlier in America another manufacturer had the same idea) and used ink pellets to which water was added (again an idea that was previously developed in both America, by Parker,
一个可怕的战争模型，Padrone，形状像一颗子弹（6个月前在美国，另一个制造商有同样的想法），并使用加入水的墨丸（同样的想法，以前在美国，由派克开发, 在英国由Mabie，Todd Co开发。（这里指的应该是现在的墨囊）

In 1919 the company opened its first specialist pen shop in Hamburg, other shops ollowing within the next few years. Experiments were made with new materials, for example Galalith. In 1923 a patent was granted for a process of inlaying the now famous White Star in the cap tops.
1919年，公司在汉堡开设了第一家专业制笔店，在接下来的几年里，其他商店也相继开业。公司进行了新材料的实验，例如Galalith。1923年，公司获得了一项专利，即在笔帽顶部镶嵌现在著名的白星的工艺。

The company did not develop new technical mechanisms but was one of the most innovative of German pen manufacturers in the often-neglected art of marketing. In this respect Simplo would be a direct challenge to aggressive American companies such as Parker. Simplo products were featured at the Leipzig Trade Fair while overhead an aeroplane carried a large Montblanc banner. A fleet of Steyr cars drove through Hamburg with large display pens on top and white stars on the hub-caps. In a sense, the company made success look almost too easy as several of their skilled craftsmen left to start up on their own.
在通常欠缺市场营销的艺术的环境下，公司即使没有发展新技术机制也是最具创新的德国钢笔制造商之一。在这方面，Simplo是对派克等咄咄逼人的美国公司的直接挑战。Simplo的产品在莱比锡贸易博览会上展出，而头顶上则有一架飞机挂着万宝龙的大旗。一支斯太尔车队驶过汉堡，车顶上有大型展示用笔，轮毂盖上有白色星星。从某种意义上说，该公司的成功看起来几乎太容易了，因为他们的几个熟练工匠离开了，开始了自己的创业。

In 1921 one of Simplo’s highly skilled workmen called Ilgner left the company and, with the help of several financial backers, founded the Astoria Fiillfederwerk in the Bahrenfeld district of Hamburg. He set out to create the Astoria range of pens, which were very similar in appearance to Montblancs. The company was initially successful and export markets were gained especially in Italy. The venture, however, ran into financial problems during the early 1930s. Montblanc bought it in 1932 and continued for the next four years, to offer Astoria models.
1921年，Simplo的一位名叫Ilgner的高技能工人离开了公司，并在几个资金支持者的帮助下，在汉堡的Bahrenfeld区成立了Astoria Fiillfederwerk。他开始创造Astoria系列钢笔，这些钢笔在外观上与Montblancs非常相似。该公司最初取得了成功，特别是在意大利获得了出口市场。然而，该企业在20世纪30年代初遇到了财务问题。万宝龙在1932年收购了它，并在接下来的四年里继续提供阿斯托利亚型号的产品。

The company also introduced a lever filler, possibly with the export market in mind, as in Germany this type of mechanism was less popular than the Safety. The first pencils also appeared in I92s. A series of patented button fillers, demonstrating that not even Simplo could escape the Parker influence, was launched in 1929. These were available in colours such as red, lapis blue and jade green as well as black
该公司还推出了杠杆式填充器，可能是考虑到了出口市场，因为在德国，这种类型的装置不如安全装置受欢迎。第一批铅笔也出现在1925年。1929年，公司推出了一系列获得专利的纽扣式填充器，表明即使是Simplo也无法摆脱帕克的影响。这些铅笔有红色、青石蓝和玉石绿等颜色，还有黑色。

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During the 1930s events intervened over which Simplo had no contro.
Depression affected the company badly. Falling sales resulted in layoffs among the workforce and, at its worst, not even a 10 per cent pay cut seemed likely to save the company The banks, to whom the company owed a great deal of money, were uneasy and Appointed a trustee to safeguard their interests. To see itself out of this difficulty the company had to rely on its range. now consisting of only button fillers and, still Safeties lew colours which had been added included green bronze and blue gold. The top price Meisterstick range comprised the Safeties(Nos 20, 25, 30 and 40). The middle range featured two push button fillers(Nos Is and 172), three Safeties(Nos 122, IS and I7 2), a push button Stylograph and a simplified black button filler.
在20世纪30年代，发生了一些Simplo无法控制的事件。
大萧条对公司产生了严重的影响。销售额的下降导致了劳动力的裁员，在最糟糕的情况下，甚至连10%的减薪都不可能挽救公司。公司欠下大量资金的银行感到不安，并任命了一个托管人以保障他们的利益。为了摆脱这种困境，公司不得不依靠其产品系列。现在只包括纽扣填充物，而且还增加了安全色，包括青铜色和蓝金色。最高价格的Meisterstick系列包括Safeties（20、25、30和40号）。中等价位的产品包括两个按钮式填充器（Is和172号）、三个安全器（122号、IS和I7 2号）、一个按钮式造型器和一个简化的黑色按钮式填充器。

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210919【水帖】《钢笔圣经》万宝龙部分翻译（带个人注解）

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